Inspection activities: types and conduct

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What are inspection activities
Types of inspection activities
Equipment composition
Application of technical means
Certification
Equipment requirements

Transport security– an important tool when organizing measures to prevent possibleterrorist attacks, threats, and other crimes against the country.

Inspection activities are an important stage in passenger and cargo transportation. At stations, inairports, at the border, stadiums, in large shopping or entertainment centers there are devices whose purpose is to prevent the transport of dangerous objects, explosives or weapons into the territory.

The types and measures used in closed or open areas depend on the degree of perceived threat, value, importance of the object, location, and other factors. The purpose of the article is to highlight what kind of inspection activities occur in Russia. To do this, you need to consider what types of procedures are encountered, what tools are used for this, and who is responsible for the organization.

Table of contents:

• what are inspection activities;
• species;
• composition of equipment;
• use of technical means;
• certification;
• technical requirements.

What are inspection activities

Transport communication is the main tool used for infrastructure and the country's economy. This industry must operate smoothly while ensuring compliance with all regulations, especially those related to national security.

Therefore, when developing measures, attention is paid to procedures for comprehensive inspection of cargo, transport, people, luggage, containers, and freight.

Inspection activities are a set of procedures and their organization, which together guarantee protection against any type of criminal interference, includingterrorist attacksor illegal transportation of dangerous items.

 

 

To implement verification procedures, equipment is used that simplifies, speeds up, and increases the efficiency of checking vehicles, baggage or people. Classic instruments are usedx-ray radiation.

 

Types of inspection activities

Every year, the scale of passenger and freight traffic increases two to three times, the infrastructure is expanding, transport communication networks are expanding, so special attention is paid to safety in the transport sector. Most terrorist attacks and other major crimes can be prevented in advance, thanks to the built-in security system at the facilities.

Inspection measures protect against all types of threats, maintain stability and uninterrupted transport links within the country, as well as abroad. The list of measures in the field of transport security is regulated by Federal Law. Inspection activities include:

• general check;
• additional inspection;
• re-check;
• interview.

The rules for all types of inspection procedures at transport infrastructure facilities are set out in legislative acts. Responsible for their implementation are persons who are authorized to conduct inspections in the entrusted territory or facility.

Separate inspections will be organizedcheckpoints, posts or border zones. The checkpoint area and equipment depend on the traffic flow, the type of transport that crosses the site, and the number of people. The main task when organizing inspection measures is to prevent the transport of prohibited or dangerous items into the country, and also to do everything to ensure that inspections are carried out quickly, preventing the formation of long queues and hours-long waits.

 

 

The initial inspection is carried out quickly; at this stage,automated complexes. If during the initial inspection there are suspicions of a violation of the law or transportation of prohibited items, an additional inspection is carried out.

 

 

Additional controls include detailed testing usinghand-held instruments, involving law enforcement agencies or other specialists. The check is carried out in relation to an individual, transport, luggage.

 

 

A repeat search is carried out if security personnel need to ensure that the threat has been eliminated. The final stage is an interview, during which the individual is read about his rights and responsibilities, the reason for the detention is explained, or recommendations are given for subsequent behavior if no threat is detected.

The safety of passenger and cargo transportation is playing an increasingly important role, so activities are being improved, expanded, and equipment becomes more technologically advanced, maintaining stability and uninterrupted traffic flow. This is possible thanks to the equipment, as well as technical security systems.

Equipment composition

When organizing and selecting technical means, the interests of all parties are taken into account. It is necessary to prevent the transportation of dangerous objects, as well as to ensure continuity of traffic through a checkpoint or border. They help with thisstationary conveyor systems, arched complexes, car underbody analysis tools.

Without technical means that are used intransport security, the verification procedure would take a lot of time, and its accuracy and efficiency would be significantly lower.

The use of equipment is regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation; all permissible types of technical means are also listed there, since in addition to testing, it is necessary to ensure the safety of people when using the equipment.

The following types of equipment are used for inspection:

• X-ray television installations;
   
  

 

• radioscopes;
• stationary or mobile metal detectors;
   
  

 

• gas analyzers;
   
  

 

• chemical equipment.
   
  
   

All types of equipment provide detection of weapons, explosive objects, other devices and substances that are prohibited for import or export.

When organizing any checkpoint, the human factor must be taken into account. The use of technical means reduces the risk of errors that may occur due to fatigue, stress, anxiety, or other emotional or physical components. Security officers use equipment to improve efficiency and security.

Application of technical means

Devices are localized in open or closed spaces. The most difficult thing is to place several devices in a limited area, as well as in large areas, such as a subway.

In the metro, many stations, especially those that were built during the Soviet era, are separate objects, architectural monuments.

It is impossible to prepare and implement a single complex for all stations; each system must be thought through separately to guarantee safety and quality testing.

Main areas of equipment use:

• transport safety;
• equipment of checkpoints;
• protection of government structures;
• safety of crowded places;
• economic protection;
• protection of border facilities, customs points;
• security of strategic, sensitive facilities.

It is necessary to organize inspection activities in crowded places so as not to reduce throughput and not paralyze work at the facility.

Certification

The equipment is subject to mandatory certification. This issue is supervised by the FSB of Russia, the Federal State Institution "Military Unit 68240", the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "STC "Orion".Certification is required for:

• equipment manufacturers;
• equipment owners.

Certificates are issued only after tests and a series of tests. The number and type of tests depend on the type of equipment. The certification procedure is set out in the test report of the certifying body - FGKU "Military Unit 68240".

The following inspection equipment is subject to mandatory certification:

• radiation equipment;
   
  

 

• gas analyzers;
   
  

 

• chemical equipment;
   
  

 

• metal detectors;
   
  

 

• introscopes;
   
  

 

• detectors;
• hardware and software;
   
  

 

• video surveillance;
   
  

 

• identifiers;
   
  

 

• alarms, sirens.

To obtain a certificate, the manufacturer or owner must provide a package of documents:

• application for certification;
• technical conditions, characteristics;
• technical passport;
• additional documentation;
• forms;
• service sheets;
• technical description;
• instructions;
• maintenance regulations;
• declarations.

Certification involves comprehensive research and testing of a technical device. For the procedure, it is necessary to select several samples of equipment of the same type and conduct tests.

The number of units of one type for testing depends on the size of the batch being produced:

• from 2 to 50 units of goods - 2 samples;
• from 51 to 100 units – 3 samples;
• from 101 to 200 units – 4 samples;
• from 201 to 300 units – 5 samples;
• more than 300 units – 6 samples.

The certificate is issued no later than 90 days after the samples are provided, unless otherwise agreed with the regulatory authorities. The maximum test period is 30 working days.

Equipment requirements

Transport security is given special attention, since this is the main way to implementterrorist attacksand other threats to the population. Terrorists choose crowded places, large security facilities, industrial enterprises, and public transport. They may bring in weapons and use them against people or cause explosions.

 

 

The main task of technical means is to prevent a possible crime in advance, to stop the entry or transportation of prohibited, dangerous items into the territory of a country or facility.

Technical means must identify and accurately determineradioactive, explosive substances, weapons, ammunition. Possible error - 1 error per 50 tests. During inspection, no more than three false positives are allowed per 50 tests when identifying explosive substances or weapons.

With terrorist attacks on the rise around the world, screening and security systems are receiving a lot of attention. Most often, the targets of attacks are crowded places and important strategic objects, which is why manufacturers pay a lot of attention to the development of technical means.

Involving measures to improve security, equipping movable and immovable objects with inspection devices guarantees the prevention of crimes, explosions or other dangers.

This area is widely developed; regulatory authorities carefully monitor compliance with the standards and requirements imposed on manufacturers, since the accuracy of inspections depends on this, as well as the speed of inspection.

The use of inspection technology does not guarantee 100% protection, since attackers constantly come up with schemes that help bypass smart mechanisms. But nevertheless, the introduction of such tools makes it possible to minimize risks and provide the population with peace of mind, which is very important in our difficult times.